Home Multi-Country Search About Admin Login
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Neoproterozoic
Mesoproterozoic
Paleoproterozoic

Search by
Select Region(s) to search
Hold Ctrl (Windows/Linux) or Command (Mac) to select multiple
Thakkhola Formation
Click to display on map of the Ancient World at:
Thakkhola Fm base reconstruction

Thakkhola Fm


Period: 
Neogene

Age Interval: 
latest Miocene-Pliocene


Province: 
Nepal Tethyan Himalaya

Type Locality and Naming

Thakkhola graben fill succession. The Thakkhola Formation covers mainly the central and north parts of the graben.


Lithology and Thickness

Lacustrine silt with coarse clastics. Most of the lower half of the succession is represented by alluvial fan and fluvial conglomerates with subrounded pebbles and cobbles of limestone, quartzite, sandstone, and granite. Beds of lacustrine limestone, calcareous siltstone, and sandstone also occur at various intervals; especially the upper half. The Thakkhola Formation is more than 600 m thick and younger than 8 Ma (Garzione et al. 2000, 2003).


Lithology Pattern: 
Siltstone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Unconformity (5 to 10 degrees), with Tetang Fm below.

Upper contact

Overlain by Sammargaon Fm

Regional extent

Thakkhola-Mustang graben fill succession. This Cenozoic east–west extensional phase of Tibet has created many small and some large grabens dated about 14 or 8 Ma (Coleman and Hodges 1995; Harrison et al. 1995; Blisniuk et al. 2001). Some of the important ones are the Thakkhola–Mustang Graben, Gyirong Graben, and Yadong Graben. The Thakkhola–Mustang Graben is about 90 km long and 20–30 km wide.


GeoJSON

{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[80.9,29.9],[81.03,29.45],[82.61,28.65],[84.89,27.99],[85.62,27.89],[86.24,27.65],[87.74,27.11],[87.96,26.99],[87.9,27.71],[87.23,27.61],[86.24,27.74],[85.64,28.03],[84.46,28.38],[82.74,29.23],[80.9,29.9]]]]}}

Fossils


Age 

Miocene-Pliocene (estimated 8 to 2 Ma)

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Messinian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.0

    Beginning date (Ma): 
7.25

    Ending stage: 
Piacenzian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
2.58

Depositional setting

Alluvial and lacustrine. The sediments in the Thakkhola–Mustang graben were deposited in alluvial fan, braided river, glacio-fluvial, and lacustrine environments. The paleocurrent directions measured on imbricated pebbles from all formations of the basin show a generally southwards flow, whereas limestone microfacies analysis indicates a flat and shallow lacustrine environment of carbonate deposition (Adhikari 2009).


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Descriptions from Megh Raj Dhital (2015, Geology of Nepal: Regional Perspective of the Classic Collided Orogen, Springer Publ., 499 pp.).